Color: The color palette is primarily monochromatic, limited to black linework on a white or light beige background. The strong contrast between black and white is fundamental to the style's impact. Occasional use of a muted accent color (like red in one example) is possible for emphasis.
Lighting: Lighting is not rendered in a traditional sense. Form and depth are created through varying line thickness, hatching, and cross-hatching techniques, characteristic of woodcut or engraving. Contrast is the primary driver of visual form, not light and shadow.
Design Technique: The styles emphasize bold black linework, simplified forms, and a graphic, printmaking aesthetic reminiscent of woodcuts, engravings, or linoleum prints. Hatching and cross-hatching are used to create tonal variation and texture. Compositions are often direct and impactful, focusing on clear visual communication. The styles convey a sense of vintage craftsmanship, graphic storytelling, and a timeless, impactful visual style.